Exercise Cause Patellofemoral Pain among Young Adult: a Cross Sectional Study
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent musculoskeletal injury affecting both athletes and non-athletes, characterized by anterior knee pain. Diagnosis can be difficult due to similar symptoms with other conditions. Treatment should focus on overall rehabilitation, including strengthening and stretching exercises, rest, ice, bracing and taping. The knee joint is complex and plays an important role in daily activities, but is also one of the most commonly injured joints.This study was conducted at the University of Erbil Technical and Medical Health College to investigate PFPS in college students aged between 20-40 years there were 102 participants. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on biographic information. It was found that instead of the knee pain is more among the athletic group but the result statistically insignificant predictor of knee pain among the study participants P-value = 0.823. Finally, our study concluded that athletic and non-athletic developed PFPS , but athletic more than non- athletic , male and female affected by this condition, also types of exercises have effect according to results strengthen and stretching exercise they do for example football, fitness caused PFPS.
HFE gene changes in obese individuals in Mosul
Obesity represent one of major health problem worldwide in previous work in our laboratory significant change in iron status was notic. This study try to discover the relationship HFE gene copies number and obesity. This case control study included 90 subjects classified as 50 obese and 50 normal weight as the control group. Their ages ranged from 12 to 22 years old and carried out in Mosul during the period of April to June 2022. Complete blood picture was used to study the change in blood parameters. In addition serum ferritin was evaluated using ELISA kit.Gene copies number was assess using the GoTaq qPCR. The results of this work showed that in obese patients highest levels of hemoglobin found in compare to control (p<0.05) As observed in patients leukocyte level was which significantly higher than control p<0.05. Elevated levels of Platlate were observed in a significant higher proportion of patients than controls, Neutrophil and Lymphocyte also showed a significantly higher level in obese than control. High serum ferritin levels in obese individuals was observe in compare to controls. There was significant increase in the number of copies of the HFE gene in obese patients compare controls. In conclusion, HFE gene copies number increase in obese individuals as compensatory mechanism.
Development of Polymeric Nanoparticles of Sunitinib malate in Eudragit S 100 for anti-colon cancer targeted drug delivery
Sunitinib malate (SM) is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor. It is proposed as a potent anticancer drug intended for colon cancer. The current work aimed at developing Sunitinib malate -loaded nanoparticles for colon- targeting. SM loaded ES100-nanoparticles were developed by nano-precipitation method using poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizer. Different formulation of ESNP (F1-F3) were prepared and evaluated for particle size, poly-dispersity index, and drug entrapment, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimized formulation was further studied by in-vitro drug release and anticancer cell line study. The mean particle size, PDI, %EE of optimized SM loaded ESNPF2 was found to be 384.8±5.53 nm, 0.58, and 60.31% respectively. In vitro release of the optimized ESNPF2 showed 10.2 % drug release till 2 h, at 4h 29.6% and 12 h and 24 h 66.45%, 82.2% respectively at pH 7.4. SEM images and surface morphology confirmed that nanoparticles were spherical and had smooth surfaces. An MTT assay was conducted in the colon cancer cell lines (CACO2) to evaluate anti-cancerous activity of SM. SM loaded ESNPF2 showed a high potential against colon cancer cells. The overall results suggest that SM loaded ES100-nanoparticels could be a potential option for colon targeting.
Studying the Release Profile of 5-Fluorouracil Prepared By Controlled Porosity Osmotic System As A Colon Targeting
In this study, different formulas (F1-F7) containing 4 mg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were prepared as a tablet in form of CPOP-CT. The core of these formulas contained citric acid, sodium chloride, LMCh, MMCh, ProSolv SMCC®90 and magnesium stearate mixed with 5-FU. The formulas were double coated by an inner layer containing chitosan and PEG-400 and outer layer as an enteric coating containing Eudragit®L100-55, triethyl citrate and talc. The solubility of 5-FU in different dissolution media (pH 5, pH 7) was studied. The results indicated increase of LMCh and decrease of citric acid lead to slow the release of 5-FU for F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 and F7 in simulated colonic fluid with 61%, 29%, 32%, 43%, 52%, 39% and 68%, respectively within 21 h. In addition, the release rate of 5-FU was affected by changing the weight gain percentages of semipermeable CAM. 6% and 10% weight gains of F3 released 5-FU completely within times (t100% ) of 46 h and 65 h, respectively which are acceptable with colonic transit time (78 h) compared with 14% weight gain (t100% = 135 h). In SCF, the enzymatic effect on the release of 5-FU within 21 h for F6 was studied which synthetic almond emulsin β-glucosidase and human fecal enzyme increased release of 5-FU with 26% and 39%, respectively compared to 18% release with no enzyme. Degradation effect of these enzymes made pores in semipermeable to release drugs and then modulate the drug kinetic from zero order into first order.
Assessment Of COVID-19 Virus Infection Among Patients With Atherosclerosis
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting 185 countries and 3000000 patient’s worldwide COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus which invades cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors among patients with COVID-19 there is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Patients and Methods :The data were collected from patients which had been recovered from covid -19 virus and they have to progress in the disease to have atherosclerosis and some of the patients had a sign and symptoms of COPD. A total of 125 patients were taken for this study were taken for this study including both sex male and female with different age groups all of them admitted to specialized surgical-cardiac center hospital in Erbil City in Iraq. All of them suspected to have atherosclerosis so they will be detected by angiograph in catheterization laboratory in the hospital. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that COVID-19 virus are also significant risk factors for coronary artery disease and patients who recovered from COVID-19 have had been suffered more from that increasing the severity of disease on them.
Development and Application of Structure Assisted Atom Based de Novo Molecular Design (SAAD) Approach using matlab
In the context of drug design and development, phytochemical and synthetic libraries are starting places for searching leads. However, knowing crystal structure of receptor may help scratching molecules that complements available interaction sites using de novo molecular design approaches. This research describes the implementation of genetic algorithm optimization technique for construction of molecular scaffold composed from sp2 carbon, oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Using Matlab, functions for molecule construction, crossover, mutation and fitness measurement were individually programmed. Fitness function was derived from AutoDock3.05 function which calculates molecular interaction energy with protein using grid map. The approach was successfully applied to design glutathione-S-transferase inhibitory molecule at sub-site of the binding pocket that is originally occupied by g-glutamyl and cysteinyl moieties of glutathione substrate. Starting from scratches, the approach was able to design molecular scaffolds complementarily filling the pocket.
Evaluation cell surface hydrophobicity of four potential probiotics Lactic acid bacteria's isolated from local dairy products
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cell surface hydrophobicity of four Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from various traditional and industry fermented yogurt and cheese sources based on the biochemical tests. The determining cell surface hydrophobicity is a critical step in selecting LAB strains with probiotic qualities and is one of the most essential elements regulating LAB's particular adherence to abiotic surfaces, as well as one of the most critical factors controlling LAB's absorption and destruction of hydrophobic organic matter. In current study, the four LAB strains had high cell surface hydrophobicity to the four separate hydrocarbon solvents xylene, hexadecane, chloroform, ethyl acetate determined via spectrophotometer at 450 nm. The highest hydrophobicity score was determined for LB3 for chloroform, n- hexadecane, ethyl acetate and xylene at 66.51, 38.23, 33.67 and 24.18% respectively. LB3 demonstrated promising cell surface characteristics, suggesting that it could be used as an indigenous probiotic
SDS-Page Analysis Of Cysticercus tenuicollis In Vitro And In Vivo In Basrah Province/ Southern Iraq
The larval stage Cysticercus tenuicollis was isolated from slaughtered sheep and goats at the Basrah slaughterhouse with 30 samples. In vitro 16 samples, 2 control, and 14 were treated with plant extracts and novel chemical compounds. In vivo 14 sample,1 control and 13 treated with plant extracts and novel chemical compounds.. SDS- page electrophoresis using the gel as separation gel of larval stage Cysticercus tenuicollis. Lanes (C) control, (A) Syzygium aromaticum, (B) Capparis spinosa, novel acylselenourea, i.e., 4-Nitro-N-((4-(N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) carbamoselenoyl) Benz amide (1), 4-Methyl-N-((4-(N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) carbamoselenoyl) Benz amide (2), 4-Nitro-N-((4-nitrophenyl) carbamo selenoyl) Benz amide (4), N-(2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-1-carbonoselenoyl)-4-nitrobenzamide (5) and novel acylthiourea 4-Methyl-N-((4-(N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) sulfamoyl phenyl) carbamothioyl) Benz amide (3). The rats were administered plant extracts and synthesis compounds orally via mouth for 15 days, Then the rats were dissected, the cysts were isolated, and their SDS page was measured.The results found in in vitro, all plant extracts, and synthesized compounds bands ranged from 67 to 17KD. In contrast, the protein bands of cysts varied from 67 to 17KD in vivo whereas Capparis spinosa and the synthetic chemical (5) showed no bands. This study recorded a clear effect on protein cotenants of C. tenuicollis which was treated with two plant extracts C. spinosa and S. aromaticum, and five novel chemical synthesized compounds in vitro and in vivo by SDS- PAGE as compared with untreated.
Citrullus colocynthis and Silbum Marian as therapeutic agent in metabolic syndrome Rrattus model
Background: Plants represent a treasure chest with many unrevealed medical applications as hypoglycemic and antioxidant roles. A pathological condition characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia known as metabolic syndrome. Objectives: This work focuses on examining the hypoglycemic effect of three plants on a metabolic syndrome( MS)-induced animal model and studying the role of the extracted phenolic compounds on different mitochondrial function genomic parameters. Methods: Citrullus colocynthis, Silbum Marian, and Rheum rhabarbarum phenolic compounds extracted and quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, as described by Sánchez-Rangel et al. (2013).Forty albino rats were included in the work. They were divided into eight groups of five animals each as follows: negative control (normal), positive control (MS induced with fructose with no treatment), and MS treatment with Citrullus colocynthis, MS treatment with Silbum Marian, and MS treatment with Rheum rhabarbarum. Non-MS animals treated with Citrullus colocynthis Non-metabolic syndrome animals treated with Silbum Marian and non-MS animals treated with Rheum rhabarbarum. Serum glucose, Lipid profile, liver function tests, serum glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and molar lactate/pyruvate ratio. Genomic study was conducted by qPCR Conclusion: metabolic syndrome significantly reduce mitochondrial genome copies number. The application of the ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis and Silbum Marian